4.1 KiB
Here we'll run down the practices of lighting your map using WorldSpawn and vmap.
Basic Rules
- Point lights are hard to maintain, use surface lights (either vmap_surfaceLight (Material Command) or light_surface)
- light_environment will do a bulk of the world lighting, it should even be used in afternoon and dark settings
- Avoid ambient lighting, unless you know exactly what you want, or you're in a completely interior-only map
Global settings
light_environment will do the bulk
work. It emits light from any sky surface, such as common/skyportal.
The amount of samples specify how many passes are done. This will be
~evened~ out to match the desired intensity, so increasing samples
does not make the map brighter.
Using more than 1 sample is useful if you want less harsh-shadows. Even
a value of 4 with a sunspreadangle of e.g. 5-10 degrees is sensible
for day-time maps. It makes them look less artifacting too. The theory
is, the cloudier the world is, the softer the shadows are - so we need
more samples and a sunspreadangle that's wider to accommodate
that.
The sunspreadangle will determine how far apart the different samples
will be spread. E.g. if you set it to '0' it will do nothing. Every
light_environment sample will take place on the exact same spot, from
the same angle. However if you set it to 360 (the maximum amount), each
sample will spread out to get a full 360 coverage of the map. Resulting
in a lightmap without any real contrasting shadows.
Which light_environment color to use?
99% of the time it's going to be white. Let _ambient inside your
light_environment tint the shadows the color of the sky, let radiosity
do its job. Radiosity can't do its job if the sun color is non-white.
The effects of radiosity will be barely visible using a non-white light_environment color.
Ambient color?
Set _ambient in your light_environment to whatever the color of the
sky is set to. This determines the color of the shadows cast by the
light_environment. This does not create a minimum ambient intensity in
the process
Minimum light intensity
A really ugly hack, only use it in the worst case scenario.
In your worldspawn (Entity) keys, you
can add a _minlight intensity value, as well as a _minlight_color
value. This is not something you want to use for anything looking good.
It raises the lighting level-wise, but keeps the light values of each
entity/sky/shader intact. A much worse alternative is the worldspawn
_ambient key.
You will never achieve truly black areas in your map after this. Be warned.
What about the worldspawn _ambient key?
The overall lighting level of the map is raised. This has the tendency to flatten the difference between light and shadow. The dynamic range is utterly destroyed.
What about the worldspawn _floodlight key?
With floodlight, light becomes darker in closed spaces and brighter in wide open spaces.
The worldspawn key for that is _floodlight, with you specifying:
The side effect is that it'll obviously act as a contrasting knob. It does not fix spaces where light wasn't present to begin with!
There are very few artistic use cases for this. However, if your map is looking very dull/flat, it could help a lot.
Should I use radiosity? How many bounces?
Half-Life 2 compiled with a maximum of 8 bounces, that is sensible. You can even set it to 100 and it'll stop once photons lose their energy.
And of course yes you should use radiosity... Damn it, that fixes most lighting problems!